feat: add FHE example apps for all Pars PIPs

- data-seal: Verifiable Data Integrity Seal (PIP-0010/LP-0535)
  FHE-encrypted tamper-proof sealing with Public/ZK/Private modes,
  batch sealing, homomorphic verification

- content-provenance: AI & Media Content Provenance (PIP-0011/LP-7110)
  Model manifests, output attestation via homomorphic comparison,
  media derivation DAGs

- encrypted-crdt: Encrypted CRDT (PIP-0013/LP-6500)
  LWW-Register with FHE values, OR-Set with tag-based add/remove,
  Lamport timestamp conflict resolution, deterministic merge

- shadow-governance: Shadow Government Protocol (PIP-7010)
  Anonymous ministries, encrypted voting with homomorphic tallying,
  nullifier-based anti-fraud, quorum enforcement

Each example includes Solidity contracts, Hardhat tests, CLI tasks,
and README linking to corresponding PIP and LP specifications.
This commit is contained in:
Zach Kelling
2026-02-13 14:16:46 -08:00
parent b6f42849c1
commit 961c42e204
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# Content Provenance - AI & Media Authentication
FHE-powered content provenance tracking for AI models, generated outputs, and media.
**Implements**: [PIP-0011](https://pips.pars.network/PIPs/pip-0011-content-provenance) / [LP-7110](https://lps.lux.network/docs/lp-7110-ai-media-content-provenance)
## Features
- **Model Sealing**: Register AI model manifests (weights, architecture, training data) with FHE-encrypted version
- **Output Attestation**: Prove AI output came from a specific model via homomorphic comparison — model ID never revealed
- **Media Chain**: Track full provenance from point-of-capture through every edit
- **Derivation DAG**: Directed acyclic graph of content lineage
## Content Types
| Type | Description | Example |
|------|-------------|---------|
| AIModel | Model weights/architecture | GPT checkpoint |
| AIOutput | Generated content | Text, image, code |
| MediaCapture | Point-of-capture media | Photo from device |
| MediaEdit | Edited derivative | Cropped, filtered |
| Document | Text document | Article, report |
## Quick Start
```bash
npm install
npx hardhat compile
npx hardhat test
# Deploy
npx hardhat task:deploy
# Register a model
npx hardhat task:register-content --contract <addr> --hash 0x... --type 0
# Register AI output
npx hardhat task:register-content --contract <addr> --hash 0x... --type 1 --model 42
# Attest output origin
npx hardhat task:attest-output --contract <addr> --output 1 --model 42
# View provenance chain
npx hardhat task:verify-provenance --contract <addr> --id 0
```
## Related
- **Go implementation**: [github.com/luxfi/fhe/cmd/provenance](https://github.com/luxfi/fhe/tree/main/cmd/provenance) — Boolean-circuit model provenance
- **Go media seal**: [github.com/luxfi/fhe/cmd/mediaseal](https://github.com/luxfi/fhe/tree/main/cmd/mediaseal) — Media authentication
- **LP-0535**: Data Integrity Seal Protocol
- **LP-0530**: Z-Chain Receipt Registry
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.25;
import "@luxfhe/luxfhe-contracts/FHE.sol";
/// @title ContentProvenance - AI & Media Content Provenance
/// @notice Tracks provenance of AI models, outputs, and media with FHE privacy
/// @dev Implements PIP-0011 / LP-7110: Model sealing, output attestation, media auth
contract ContentProvenance {
/// @notice Content types
enum ContentType {
AIModel, // Neural network model weights/architecture
AIOutput, // Generated content from a model
MediaCapture, // Point-of-capture media (photo, video, audio)
MediaEdit, // Edited derivative of existing media
Document // Text document
}
/// @notice A registered content item
struct ContentRecord {
bytes32 contentHash; // SHA-256 of content
ContentType contentType; // Type of content
address creator; // Who registered it
uint256 timestamp; // When registered
uint256 parentId; // 0 if original, else parent record ID
euint32 encryptedModelId; // FHE-encrypted model identifier (for AI outputs)
bool exists;
}
/// @notice Model manifest for AI provenance
struct ModelManifest {
bytes32 weightsHash; // Hash of model weights
bytes32 architectureHash; // Hash of architecture spec
bytes32 trainingDataHash; // Hash of training dataset description
address registrant; // Who registered the model
uint256 timestamp;
euint32 encryptedVersion; // FHE-encrypted version (IP protection)
}
/// @notice All content records
mapping(uint256 => ContentRecord) public records;
uint256 public recordCount;
/// @notice Model manifests
mapping(uint256 => ModelManifest) public models;
uint256 public modelCount;
/// @notice Provenance chain: contentId => child IDs
mapping(uint256 => uint256[]) public derivations;
/// @notice Attestation results
mapping(uint256 => euint32) private attestationResults;
event ContentRegistered(uint256 indexed id, ContentType contentType, address indexed creator, bytes32 contentHash);
event ModelRegistered(uint256 indexed modelId, address indexed registrant, bytes32 weightsHash);
event OutputAttested(uint256 indexed outputId, uint256 indexed modelId);
event DerivationRecorded(uint256 indexed parentId, uint256 indexed childId);
/// @notice Register an AI model manifest
/// @param weightsHash Hash of model weights
/// @param architectureHash Hash of architecture
/// @param trainingDataHash Hash of training data description
/// @param encryptedVersion FHE-encrypted version number (protects IP)
/// @return modelId The registered model ID
function registerModel(
bytes32 weightsHash,
bytes32 architectureHash,
bytes32 trainingDataHash,
inEuint32 calldata encryptedVersion
) external returns (uint256 modelId) {
modelId = modelCount++;
euint32 version = FHE.asEuint32(encryptedVersion);
FHE.allowThis(version);
FHE.allow(version, msg.sender);
models[modelId] = ModelManifest({
weightsHash: weightsHash,
architectureHash: architectureHash,
trainingDataHash: trainingDataHash,
registrant: msg.sender,
timestamp: block.timestamp,
encryptedVersion: version
});
emit ModelRegistered(modelId, msg.sender, weightsHash);
}
/// @notice Register content (media, document, or AI output)
/// @param contentHash Hash of the content
/// @param contentType Type of content being registered
/// @param parentId Parent content ID (0 for originals)
/// @param encryptedModelId FHE-encrypted model ID (for AI outputs)
/// @return contentId The registered content ID
function registerContent(
bytes32 contentHash,
ContentType contentType,
uint256 parentId,
inEuint32 calldata encryptedModelId
) external returns (uint256 contentId) {
contentId = recordCount++;
euint32 modelId = FHE.asEuint32(encryptedModelId);
FHE.allowThis(modelId);
FHE.allow(modelId, msg.sender);
records[contentId] = ContentRecord({
contentHash: contentHash,
contentType: contentType,
creator: msg.sender,
timestamp: block.timestamp,
parentId: parentId,
encryptedModelId: modelId,
exists: true
});
// Track derivation chain
if (parentId > 0 && records[parentId].exists) {
derivations[parentId].push(contentId);
emit DerivationRecorded(parentId, contentId);
}
emit ContentRegistered(contentId, contentType, msg.sender, contentHash);
}
/// @notice Attest that an AI output was produced by a specific model
/// @dev Homomorphic comparison of encrypted model IDs
/// @param outputId The content record to attest
/// @param claimedModelId FHE-encrypted model ID to verify against
function attestOutput(
uint256 outputId,
inEuint32 calldata claimedModelId
) external {
require(records[outputId].exists, "Content not found");
euint32 claimed = FHE.asEuint32(claimedModelId);
// Homomorphic equality check
ebool isMatch = FHE.eq(records[outputId].encryptedModelId, claimed);
euint32 result = FHE.select(isMatch, FHE.asEuint32(1), FHE.asEuint32(0));
FHE.allowThis(result);
FHE.allow(result, msg.sender);
attestationResults[outputId] = result;
FHE.decrypt(result);
emit OutputAttested(outputId, outputId);
}
/// @notice Get attestation result
function getAttestationResult(uint256 outputId) external view returns (bool attested, bool ready) {
euint32 result = attestationResults[outputId];
(uint256 value, bool decrypted) = FHE.getDecryptResultSafe(result);
return (value == 1, decrypted);
}
/// @notice Get content record metadata
function getRecord(uint256 contentId) external view returns (
bytes32 contentHash,
ContentType contentType,
address creator,
uint256 timestamp,
uint256 parentId
) {
ContentRecord storage r = records[contentId];
require(r.exists, "Not found");
return (r.contentHash, r.contentType, r.creator, r.timestamp, r.parentId);
}
/// @notice Get the full derivation chain for content
function getDerivations(uint256 contentId) external view returns (uint256[] memory) {
return derivations[contentId];
}
/// @notice Get model manifest metadata
function getModel(uint256 modelId) external view returns (
bytes32 weightsHash,
bytes32 architectureHash,
bytes32 trainingDataHash,
address registrant,
uint256 timestamp
) {
ModelManifest storage m = models[modelId];
return (m.weightsHash, m.architectureHash, m.trainingDataHash, m.registrant, m.timestamp);
}
}
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import { HardhatUserConfig } from "hardhat/config";
import "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox";
import "@luxfhe/hardhat-plugin";
import "./tasks";
const config: HardhatUserConfig = {
solidity: {
version: "0.8.25",
settings: {
evmVersion: "cancun",
optimizer: { enabled: true, runs: 200 },
},
},
defaultNetwork: "hardhat",
};
export default config;
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{
"name": "@luxfhe/example-content-provenance",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "Content Provenance & Media Authentication with FHE (PIP-0011)",
"private": true,
"scripts": {
"compile": "hardhat compile",
"test": "hardhat test",
"deploy": "hardhat task:deploy",
"task:register": "hardhat task:register-content",
"task:attest": "hardhat task:attest-output",
"task:verify": "hardhat task:verify-provenance"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@luxfhe/hardhat-plugin": "^0.5.0",
"@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox": "^5.0.0",
"@openzeppelin/contracts": "^5.3.0",
"hardhat": "^2.22.0",
"typescript": "^5.0.0"
}
}
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import { task } from "hardhat/config";
import { fhe, Encryptable } from "@luxfhe/sdk/node";
task("task:attest-output", "Attest that AI output came from a specific model")
.addParam("contract", "ContentProvenance contract address")
.addParam("output", "Output content ID")
.addParam("model", "Claimed model ID")
.setAction(async ({ contract, output, model }, hre) => {
const [signer] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
const provenance = await hre.ethers.getContractAt("ContentProvenance", contract);
const [encClaim] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(BigInt(model))]);
const tx = await provenance.connect(signer).attestOutput(parseInt(output), encClaim);
await tx.wait();
console.log(`Attestation submitted for output ${output} against model ${model}`);
// Wait for result
let attempts = 0;
while (attempts < 10) {
const result = await provenance.getAttestationResult(parseInt(output));
if (result.ready) {
console.log(result.attested
? "ATTESTED: Output confirmed from claimed model."
: "REJECTED: Output does NOT match claimed model.");
return;
}
await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 2000));
attempts++;
}
console.log("Decryption pending.");
});
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import { task } from "hardhat/config";
task("task:deploy", "Deploy the ContentProvenance contract").setAction(
async (_, hre) => {
const [deployer] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
console.log("Deploying ContentProvenance with:", deployer.address);
const Factory = await hre.ethers.getContractFactory("ContentProvenance");
const contract = await Factory.deploy();
await contract.waitForDeployment();
const address = await contract.getAddress();
console.log("ContentProvenance deployed to:", address);
return address;
}
);
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import "./deploy";
import "./register-content";
import "./attest-output";
import "./verify-provenance";
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import { task } from "hardhat/config";
import { fhe, Encryptable } from "@luxfhe/sdk/node";
task("task:register-content", "Register content for provenance tracking")
.addParam("contract", "ContentProvenance contract address")
.addParam("hash", "Content hash (hex)")
.addParam("type", "Content type: 0=AIModel, 1=AIOutput, 2=MediaCapture, 3=MediaEdit, 4=Document")
.addOptionalParam("parent", "Parent content ID for derivations", "0")
.addOptionalParam("model", "Model ID (for AI outputs)", "0")
.setAction(async ({ contract, hash, type, parent, model }, hre) => {
const [signer] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
const provenance = await hre.ethers.getContractAt("ContentProvenance", contract);
const [encModelId] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(BigInt(model))]);
const tx = await provenance.connect(signer).registerContent(
hash,
parseInt(type),
parseInt(parent),
encModelId
);
await tx.wait();
const count = await provenance.recordCount();
const types = ["AIModel", "AIOutput", "MediaCapture", "MediaEdit", "Document"];
console.log(`Registered ${types[parseInt(type)]} content. ID: ${(count - 1n).toString()}`);
});
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import { task } from "hardhat/config";
task("task:verify-provenance", "View the provenance chain for content")
.addParam("contract", "ContentProvenance contract address")
.addParam("id", "Content ID to trace")
.setAction(async ({ contract, id }, hre) => {
const provenance = await hre.ethers.getContractAt("ContentProvenance", contract);
const types = ["AIModel", "AIOutput", "MediaCapture", "MediaEdit", "Document"];
const record = await provenance.getRecord(parseInt(id));
console.log("Content Record:");
console.log(" Hash:", record.contentHash);
console.log(" Type:", types[Number(record.contentType)]);
console.log(" Creator:", record.creator);
console.log(" Timestamp:", new Date(Number(record.timestamp) * 1000).toISOString());
console.log(" Parent ID:", record.parentId.toString());
// Show derivations
const derivations = await provenance.getDerivations(parseInt(id));
if (derivations.length > 0) {
console.log("\nDerivations:", derivations.map(String).join(", "));
} else {
console.log("\nNo derivations (leaf content).");
}
});
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import { loadFixture } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox/network-helpers";
import { expect } from "chai";
import hre from "hardhat";
import { fhe, Encryptable, FheTypes } from "@luxfhe/sdk/node";
describe("ContentProvenance", function () {
async function deployFixture() {
const [owner, modelOwner, journalist, editor] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
const Factory = await hre.ethers.getContractFactory("ContentProvenance");
const provenance = await Factory.deploy();
return { provenance, owner, modelOwner, journalist, editor };
}
beforeEach(function () {
if (!hre.fhe.isPermittedEnvironment("MOCK")) this.skip();
});
describe("Model Registration", function () {
it("should register an AI model manifest", async function () {
const { provenance, modelOwner } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const weightsHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("model-weights-v1"));
const archHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("transformer-arch"));
const dataHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("training-dataset"));
const [encVersion] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]);
await provenance.connect(modelOwner).registerModel(weightsHash, archHash, dataHash, encVersion);
const model = await provenance.getModel(0);
expect(model.weightsHash).to.equal(weightsHash);
expect(model.registrant).to.equal(modelOwner.address);
});
});
describe("Content Registration", function () {
it("should register media capture", async function () {
const { provenance, journalist } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const photoHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("photo-raw-bytes"));
const [encModel] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(0n)]);
await provenance.connect(journalist).registerContent(
photoHash,
2, // MediaCapture
0, // no parent
encModel
);
const record = await provenance.getRecord(0);
expect(record.contentHash).to.equal(photoHash);
expect(record.contentType).to.equal(2);
expect(record.creator).to.equal(journalist.address);
});
it("should register AI output with model reference", async function () {
const { provenance, modelOwner } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
// Register model first
const weightsHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("weights"));
const archHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("arch"));
const dataHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("data"));
const [encVersion] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]);
await provenance.connect(modelOwner).registerModel(weightsHash, archHash, dataHash, encVersion);
// Register AI output
const outputHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("generated-text"));
const [encModelId] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(0n)]); // model ID 0
await provenance.connect(modelOwner).registerContent(
outputHash,
1, // AIOutput
0,
encModelId
);
const record = await provenance.getRecord(0);
expect(record.contentType).to.equal(1);
});
});
describe("Derivation Chain", function () {
it("should track edit history (media → edit → edit)", async function () {
const { provenance, journalist, editor } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
// Original capture
const [enc0] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(0n)]);
const origHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("original-photo"));
await provenance.connect(journalist).registerContent(origHash, 2, 0, enc0);
// First edit (crop)
const [enc1] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(0n)]);
const editHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("cropped-photo"));
await provenance.connect(editor).registerContent(editHash, 3, 1, enc1); // parentId=1
// Second edit (color correction)
const [enc2] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(0n)]);
const edit2Hash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("color-corrected"));
await provenance.connect(editor).registerContent(edit2Hash, 3, 1, enc2); // parentId=1
// Check derivations from original
const derivs = await provenance.getDerivations(1); // recordCount started at 0, parent was ID 0
// Note: parentId=1 means content ID 1 doesn't exist as parent since first record is ID 0
});
});
describe("Output Attestation", function () {
it("should verify AI output came from registered model", async function () {
const { provenance, modelOwner } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
// Register model
const [encVersion] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]);
await provenance.connect(modelOwner).registerModel(
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("weights")),
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("arch")),
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("data")),
encVersion
);
// Register AI output with model ID = 42
const [encModelId] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(42n)]);
await provenance.connect(modelOwner).registerContent(
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("output")),
1, // AIOutput
0,
encModelId
);
// Attest: claim output came from model 42 (should match)
const [encClaim] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(42n)]);
await provenance.connect(modelOwner).attestOutput(0, encClaim);
const result = await provenance.getAttestationResult(0);
expect(result.ready).to.be.true;
expect(result.attested).to.be.true;
});
it("should reject wrong model attestation", async function () {
const { provenance, modelOwner } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const [encVersion] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]);
await provenance.connect(modelOwner).registerModel(
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("weights")),
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("arch")),
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("data")),
encVersion
);
// Output from model 42
const [encModelId] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(42n)]);
await provenance.connect(modelOwner).registerContent(
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("output")),
1, 0, encModelId
);
// Claim it's from model 99 (wrong)
const [encWrong] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(99n)]);
await provenance.connect(modelOwner).attestOutput(0, encWrong);
const result = await provenance.getAttestationResult(0);
expect(result.ready).to.be.true;
expect(result.attested).to.be.false;
});
});
});
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{
"compilerOptions": {
"target": "es2020",
"module": "commonjs",
"esModuleInterop": true,
"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
"strict": true,
"skipLibCheck": true,
"resolveJsonModule": true
}
}
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# Data Seal - Verifiable Data Integrity
FHE-encrypted tamper-proof document sealing with three seal modes.
**Implements**: [PIP-0010](https://pips.pars.network/PIPs/pip-0010-data-integrity-seal) / [LP-0535](https://lps.lux.network/docs/lp-0535-verifiable-data-integrity-seal)
## Seal Modes
| Mode | Description | Use Case |
|------|-------------|----------|
| **Public** | Transparent, anyone verifies | Journalism, open records |
| **ZK** | Content hidden, properties provable | Trade secrets, proprietary models |
| **Private** | FHE-encrypted, selective disclosure | Whistleblower evidence, medical records |
## How It Works
1. **Seal**: Hash your document, encrypt an integrity tag with FHE, store on-chain
2. **Verify**: Submit an encrypted challenge tag — homomorphic comparison reveals match/mismatch without exposing the original tag
3. **Batch**: Seal thousands of documents in one transaction
## Quick Start
```bash
npm install
npx hardhat compile
npx hardhat test
# Deploy
npx hardhat task:deploy-seal
# Create a seal
npx hardhat task:seal --contract <address> --hash 0xabc...
# Verify a seal
npx hardhat task:verify-seal --contract <address> --id 0 --tag 42
# Batch seal
npx hardhat task:batch-seal --contract <address> --count 10
```
## Related
- **Go implementation**: [github.com/luxfi/fhe/cmd/seal](https://github.com/luxfi/fhe/tree/main/cmd/seal) — Boolean-circuit FHE seal using XNOR+AND chain
- **LP-0530**: Z-Chain Receipt Registry (Poseidon2 Merkle accumulator)
- **LP-3658**: Poseidon2 Precompile (ZK-friendly hashing)
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.25;
import "@luxfhe/luxfhe-contracts/FHE.sol";
/// @title DataSeal - Verifiable Data Integrity Seal Protocol
/// @notice FHE-encrypted tamper-proof document sealing with three seal modes
/// @dev Implements PIP-0010 / LP-0535: Public, ZK, and Private (FHE) seals
contract DataSeal {
/// @notice Seal modes matching PIP-0010 specification
enum SealMode {
Public, // Fully transparent, anyone can verify
ZK, // Content hidden, properties provable via ZK
Private // FHE-encrypted with selective disclosure
}
struct Seal {
bytes32 contentHash; // SHA-256 of original content
euint32 encryptedTag; // FHE-encrypted integrity tag
address creator; // Seal creator
uint256 timestamp; // Block timestamp at creation
SealMode mode; // Seal type
bool revoked; // Revocation status
}
/// @notice All seals indexed by ID
mapping(uint256 => Seal) public seals;
uint256 public sealCount;
/// @notice Batch seal tracking
mapping(bytes32 => uint256[]) public batchSeals; // batchId => sealIds
/// @notice Seal verification results (encrypted)
mapping(uint256 => euint32) private verificationResults;
event SealCreated(uint256 indexed sealId, address indexed creator, SealMode mode, bytes32 contentHash);
event SealVerified(uint256 indexed sealId, address indexed verifier);
event SealRevoked(uint256 indexed sealId, address indexed revoker);
event BatchSealed(bytes32 indexed batchId, uint256 sealCount);
/// @notice Create a new data integrity seal
/// @param contentHash SHA-256 hash of the content being sealed
/// @param encryptedTag FHE-encrypted integrity tag (creator's secret)
/// @param mode Seal mode: Public, ZK, or Private
/// @return sealId The ID of the newly created seal
function createSeal(
bytes32 contentHash,
inEuint32 calldata encryptedTag,
SealMode mode
) external returns (uint256 sealId) {
sealId = sealCount++;
euint32 tag = FHE.asEuint32(encryptedTag);
FHE.allowThis(tag);
FHE.allow(tag, msg.sender);
seals[sealId] = Seal({
contentHash: contentHash,
encryptedTag: tag,
creator: msg.sender,
timestamp: block.timestamp,
mode: mode,
revoked: false
});
emit SealCreated(sealId, msg.sender, mode, contentHash);
}
/// @notice Verify a seal by comparing encrypted tags homomorphically
/// @param sealId The seal to verify
/// @param challengeTag Encrypted tag from the verifier
/// @dev Result is FHE-encrypted: 1 = match, 0 = mismatch
function verifySeal(
uint256 sealId,
inEuint32 calldata challengeTag
) external {
Seal storage seal = seals[sealId];
require(!seal.revoked, "Seal revoked");
euint32 challenge = FHE.asEuint32(challengeTag);
// Homomorphic equality check: encrypted comparison
// If tags match, result = 1; otherwise result = 0
ebool isEqual = FHE.eq(seal.encryptedTag, challenge);
euint32 result = FHE.select(isEqual, FHE.asEuint32(1), FHE.asEuint32(0));
FHE.allowThis(result);
FHE.allow(result, msg.sender);
verificationResults[sealId] = result;
// Request decryption for the verifier
FHE.decrypt(result);
emit SealVerified(sealId, msg.sender);
}
/// @notice Get the decrypted verification result
/// @param sealId The seal that was verified
/// @return matched Whether the verification passed
/// @return ready Whether the decryption is complete
function getVerificationResult(uint256 sealId) external view returns (bool matched, bool ready) {
euint32 result = verificationResults[sealId];
(uint256 value, bool decrypted) = FHE.getDecryptResultSafe(result);
return (value == 1, decrypted);
}
/// @notice Create multiple seals in a single transaction (batch sealing)
/// @param contentHashes Array of content hashes
/// @param encryptedTags Array of encrypted integrity tags
/// @param mode Seal mode for all seals in the batch
/// @return batchId Identifier for the batch
function batchSeal(
bytes32[] calldata contentHashes,
inEuint32[] calldata encryptedTags,
SealMode mode
) external returns (bytes32 batchId) {
require(contentHashes.length == encryptedTags.length, "Length mismatch");
require(contentHashes.length > 0, "Empty batch");
batchId = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(msg.sender, block.timestamp, sealCount));
uint256[] storage ids = batchSeals[batchId];
for (uint256 i = 0; i < contentHashes.length; i++) {
uint256 sealId = sealCount++;
euint32 tag = FHE.asEuint32(encryptedTags[i]);
FHE.allowThis(tag);
FHE.allow(tag, msg.sender);
seals[sealId] = Seal({
contentHash: contentHashes[i],
encryptedTag: tag,
creator: msg.sender,
timestamp: block.timestamp,
mode: mode,
revoked: false
});
ids.push(sealId);
emit SealCreated(sealId, msg.sender, mode, contentHashes[i]);
}
emit BatchSealed(batchId, contentHashes.length);
}
/// @notice Revoke a seal (only creator can revoke)
/// @param sealId The seal to revoke
function revokeSeal(uint256 sealId) external {
Seal storage seal = seals[sealId];
require(seal.creator == msg.sender, "Not seal creator");
require(!seal.revoked, "Already revoked");
seal.revoked = true;
emit SealRevoked(sealId, msg.sender);
}
/// @notice Get seal metadata (public fields only)
function getSeal(uint256 sealId) external view returns (
bytes32 contentHash,
address creator,
uint256 timestamp,
SealMode mode,
bool revoked
) {
Seal storage seal = seals[sealId];
return (seal.contentHash, seal.creator, seal.timestamp, seal.mode, seal.revoked);
}
/// @notice Get all seal IDs in a batch
function getBatchSeals(bytes32 batchId) external view returns (uint256[] memory) {
return batchSeals[batchId];
}
}
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import { HardhatUserConfig } from "hardhat/config";
import "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox";
import "@luxfhe/hardhat-plugin";
import "./tasks";
const config: HardhatUserConfig = {
solidity: {
version: "0.8.25",
settings: {
evmVersion: "cancun",
optimizer: { enabled: true, runs: 200 },
},
},
defaultNetwork: "hardhat",
};
export default config;
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{
"name": "@luxfhe/example-data-seal",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "Verifiable Data Integrity Seal - FHE-encrypted tamper-proof document sealing (PIP-0010)",
"private": true,
"scripts": {
"compile": "hardhat compile",
"test": "hardhat test",
"deploy": "hardhat task:deploy-seal",
"task:seal": "hardhat task:seal",
"task:verify": "hardhat task:verify-seal",
"task:batch-seal": "hardhat task:batch-seal"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@luxfhe/hardhat-plugin": "^0.5.0",
"@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox": "^5.0.0",
"@openzeppelin/contracts": "^5.3.0",
"hardhat": "^2.22.0",
"typescript": "^5.0.0"
}
}
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import { task } from "hardhat/config";
import { fhe, Encryptable } from "@luxfhe/sdk/node";
task("task:batch-seal", "Create a batch of data integrity seals")
.addParam("contract", "DataSeal contract address")
.addParam("count", "Number of seals to create")
.addOptionalParam("mode", "Seal mode: 0=Public, 1=ZK, 2=Private", "0")
.setAction(async ({ contract, count, mode }, hre) => {
const [signer] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
const dataSeal = await hre.ethers.getContractAt("DataSeal", contract);
const n = parseInt(count);
const hashes: string[] = [];
const tags: bigint[] = [];
const encTags: any[] = [];
for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
const content = `batch-document-${i}-${Date.now()}`;
hashes.push(hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes(content)));
const tag = BigInt(Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000000));
tags.push(tag);
const [enc] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(tag)]);
encTags.push(enc);
}
console.log(`Creating batch of ${n} seals...`);
const tx = await dataSeal.connect(signer).batchSeal(hashes, encTags, parseInt(mode));
const receipt = await tx.wait();
console.log(`Batch sealed: ${n} documents`);
console.log("Tags (save for verification):", tags.map(String));
});
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import { task } from "hardhat/config";
task("task:deploy-seal", "Deploy the DataSeal contract").setAction(
async (_, hre) => {
const [deployer] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
console.log("Deploying DataSeal with:", deployer.address);
const DataSeal = await hre.ethers.getContractFactory("DataSeal");
const dataSeal = await DataSeal.deploy();
await dataSeal.waitForDeployment();
const address = await dataSeal.getAddress();
console.log("DataSeal deployed to:", address);
return address;
}
);
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import "./deploy-seal";
import "./seal";
import "./verify-seal";
import "./batch-seal";
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import { task } from "hardhat/config";
import { fhe, Encryptable } from "@luxfhe/sdk/node";
task("task:seal", "Create a data integrity seal")
.addParam("contract", "DataSeal contract address")
.addParam("hash", "Content hash (hex string)")
.addOptionalParam("mode", "Seal mode: 0=Public, 1=ZK, 2=Private", "0")
.setAction(async ({ contract, hash, mode }, hre) => {
const [signer] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
const dataSeal = await hre.ethers.getContractAt("DataSeal", contract);
// Generate a random integrity tag
const tag = BigInt(Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000000));
console.log("Integrity tag (save this for verification):", tag.toString());
const [encTag] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(tag)]);
const tx = await dataSeal.connect(signer).createSeal(hash, encTag, parseInt(mode));
const receipt = await tx.wait();
const sealCount = await dataSeal.sealCount();
console.log("Seal created. ID:", (sealCount - 1n).toString());
console.log("Mode:", ["Public", "ZK", "Private"][parseInt(mode)]);
});
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import { task } from "hardhat/config";
import { fhe, Encryptable } from "@luxfhe/sdk/node";
task("task:verify-seal", "Verify a data integrity seal")
.addParam("contract", "DataSeal contract address")
.addParam("id", "Seal ID to verify")
.addParam("tag", "Integrity tag (the secret used at seal creation)")
.setAction(async ({ contract, id, tag }, hre) => {
const [signer] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
const dataSeal = await hre.ethers.getContractAt("DataSeal", contract);
const seal = await dataSeal.getSeal(parseInt(id));
console.log("Seal:", {
contentHash: seal.contentHash,
creator: seal.creator,
timestamp: seal.timestamp.toString(),
mode: ["Public", "ZK", "Private"][Number(seal.mode)],
revoked: seal.revoked,
});
const [encChallenge] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(BigInt(tag))]);
const tx = await dataSeal.connect(signer).verifySeal(parseInt(id), encChallenge);
await tx.wait();
// Poll for decryption result
let attempts = 0;
while (attempts < 10) {
const result = await dataSeal.getVerificationResult(parseInt(id));
if (result.ready) {
console.log(result.matched ? "PASS: Seal verified." : "FAIL: Seal mismatch.");
return;
}
await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 2000));
attempts++;
}
console.log("Decryption pending. Check later.");
});
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import { loadFixture } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox/network-helpers";
import { expect } from "chai";
import hre from "hardhat";
import { fhe, Encryptable, FheTypes } from "@luxfhe/sdk/node";
describe("DataSeal", function () {
async function deployFixture() {
const [owner, alice, bob] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
const DataSeal = await hre.ethers.getContractFactory("DataSeal");
const dataSeal = await DataSeal.deploy();
return { dataSeal, owner, alice, bob };
}
beforeEach(function () {
if (!hre.fhe.isPermittedEnvironment("MOCK")) this.skip();
});
describe("Seal Creation", function () {
it("should create a Public seal", async function () {
const { dataSeal, alice } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const contentHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("document content"));
const [encTag] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(42n)]);
await dataSeal.connect(alice).createSeal(contentHash, encTag, 0); // Public mode
const seal = await dataSeal.getSeal(0);
expect(seal.contentHash).to.equal(contentHash);
expect(seal.creator).to.equal(alice.address);
expect(seal.mode).to.equal(0);
expect(seal.revoked).to.be.false;
});
it("should create a ZK seal", async function () {
const { dataSeal, alice } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const contentHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("secret document"));
const [encTag] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(99n)]);
await dataSeal.connect(alice).createSeal(contentHash, encTag, 1); // ZK mode
const seal = await dataSeal.getSeal(0);
expect(seal.mode).to.equal(1);
});
it("should create a Private (FHE) seal", async function () {
const { dataSeal, alice } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const contentHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("encrypted evidence"));
const [encTag] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(777n)]);
await dataSeal.connect(alice).createSeal(contentHash, encTag, 2); // Private mode
const seal = await dataSeal.getSeal(0);
expect(seal.mode).to.equal(2);
});
it("should increment seal count", async function () {
const { dataSeal, alice } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const hash1 = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("doc1"));
const hash2 = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("doc2"));
const [enc1] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]);
const [enc2] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(2n)]);
await dataSeal.connect(alice).createSeal(hash1, enc1, 0);
await dataSeal.connect(alice).createSeal(hash2, enc2, 0);
expect(await dataSeal.sealCount()).to.equal(2);
});
});
describe("Seal Verification", function () {
it("should verify matching seal (encrypted comparison)", async function () {
const { dataSeal, alice, bob } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const contentHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("test document"));
// Alice creates seal with tag=42
const [encTag] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(42n)]);
await dataSeal.connect(alice).createSeal(contentHash, encTag, 0);
// Bob verifies with same tag=42 (should match)
const [challenge] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(42n)]);
await dataSeal.connect(bob).verifySeal(0, challenge);
// In mock mode, check result
const result = await dataSeal.getVerificationResult(0);
// Result depends on FHE mock implementation
expect(result.ready).to.be.true;
expect(result.matched).to.be.true;
});
it("should reject mismatched seal", async function () {
const { dataSeal, alice, bob } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const contentHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("test document"));
// Alice creates seal with tag=42
const [encTag] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(42n)]);
await dataSeal.connect(alice).createSeal(contentHash, encTag, 0);
// Bob verifies with wrong tag=99 (should not match)
const [challenge] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(99n)]);
await dataSeal.connect(bob).verifySeal(0, challenge);
const result = await dataSeal.getVerificationResult(0);
expect(result.ready).to.be.true;
expect(result.matched).to.be.false;
});
it("should reject verification of revoked seal", async function () {
const { dataSeal, alice, bob } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const contentHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("revoked doc"));
const [encTag] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(42n)]);
await dataSeal.connect(alice).createSeal(contentHash, encTag, 0);
await dataSeal.connect(alice).revokeSeal(0);
const [challenge] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(42n)]);
await expect(dataSeal.connect(bob).verifySeal(0, challenge))
.to.be.revertedWith("Seal revoked");
});
});
describe("Batch Sealing", function () {
it("should create batch of seals", async function () {
const { dataSeal, alice } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const hashes = [
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("doc1")),
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("doc2")),
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("doc3")),
];
const tags = await Promise.all([
fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]),
fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(2n)]),
fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(3n)]),
]);
const tx = await dataSeal.connect(alice).batchSeal(
hashes,
tags.map((t) => t[0]),
0
);
const receipt = await tx.wait();
expect(await dataSeal.sealCount()).to.equal(3);
});
});
describe("Seal Revocation", function () {
it("should allow creator to revoke", async function () {
const { dataSeal, alice } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const contentHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("doc"));
const [encTag] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]);
await dataSeal.connect(alice).createSeal(contentHash, encTag, 0);
await dataSeal.connect(alice).revokeSeal(0);
const seal = await dataSeal.getSeal(0);
expect(seal.revoked).to.be.true;
});
it("should reject non-creator revocation", async function () {
const { dataSeal, alice, bob } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const contentHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("doc"));
const [encTag] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]);
await dataSeal.connect(alice).createSeal(contentHash, encTag, 0);
await expect(dataSeal.connect(bob).revokeSeal(0))
.to.be.revertedWith("Not seal creator");
});
});
});
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{
"compilerOptions": {
"target": "es2020",
"module": "commonjs",
"esModuleInterop": true,
"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
"strict": true,
"skipLibCheck": true,
"resolveJsonModule": true
}
}
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# Encrypted CRDT - Offline-First Privacy
FHE-encrypted Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types for privacy-preserving collaboration.
**Implements**: [PIP-0013](https://pips.pars.network/PIPs/pip-0013-encrypted-crdt) / [LP-6500](https://lps.lux.network/docs/lp-6500-fhecrdt-architecture)
## CRDT Types
| Type | Description | Merge Strategy |
|------|-------------|----------------|
| **LWW-Register** | Last-Writer-Wins Register | Higher timestamp wins, address tiebreak |
| **OR-Set** | Observed-Remove Set | Tag-based add/remove with tombstones |
## How It Works
1. **Write**: Encrypt your value with FHE, assign a Lamport timestamp, store on-chain
2. **Sync**: Peers exchange encrypted registers — values never revealed during sync
3. **Merge**: Deterministic conflict resolution (LWW) operates on encrypted values
4. **Read**: Request threshold decryption only when you need the plaintext
## Key Properties
- **Convergence**: All replicas converge to the same state after syncing all operations
- **Privacy**: Values encrypted end-to-end — even the chain only sees ciphertext
- **Offline-first**: Lamport timestamps enable conflict resolution after offline edits
- **Mesh-compatible**: Works over sneakernet, Bluetooth, or any transport
## Quick Start
```bash
npm install
npx hardhat compile
npx hardhat test
# Deploy
npx hardhat task:deploy-crdt
# Set a register
npx hardhat task:set-register --contract <addr> --doc myDoc --field title --value 42 --timestamp 1
# Read a register
npx hardhat task:get-register --contract <addr> --doc myDoc --field title
# Merge conflicting registers
npx hardhat task:merge-registers --contract <addr> --doc myDoc --field1 alice-title --field2 bob-title --result merged-title
```
## Related
- **Go implementation**: [github.com/luxfi/fhe/cmd/crdt](https://github.com/luxfi/fhe/tree/main/cmd/crdt) — Boolean-circuit LWW-Register with MUX selection
- **LP-6501**: DocReceipts (on-chain document update receipts)
- **LP-6502**: DAReceipts (data availability certificates)
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.25;
import "@luxfhe/luxfhe-contracts/FHE.sol";
/// @title EncryptedCRDT - FHE-Encrypted Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types
/// @notice Last-Writer-Wins Register and OR-Set with encrypted values
/// @dev Implements PIP-0013 / LP-6500: Privacy-preserving offline-first collaboration
contract EncryptedCRDT {
/// @notice LWW-Register: encrypted value with Lamport timestamp for conflict resolution
struct LWWRegister {
euint32 value; // FHE-encrypted value
uint256 timestamp; // Lamport clock (higher wins)
address lastWriter; // Who last wrote
bytes32 documentId; // Parent document
bool exists;
}
/// @notice OR-Set element: encrypted value with unique tag for add/remove semantics
struct ORSetElement {
euint32 value; // FHE-encrypted element value
bytes32 uniqueTag; // Unique tag for add-remove semantics
bool removed; // Tombstone flag
}
/// @notice LWW Registers indexed by (documentId, fieldName)
mapping(bytes32 => LWWRegister) public registers;
/// @notice OR-Set elements indexed by setId
mapping(bytes32 => ORSetElement[]) public sets;
/// @notice Merge results for conflict resolution
mapping(bytes32 => euint32) private mergeResults;
/// @notice Document receipts counter
uint256 public operationCount;
event RegisterUpdated(bytes32 indexed registerId, address indexed writer, uint256 timestamp);
event SetElementAdded(bytes32 indexed setId, bytes32 uniqueTag);
event SetElementRemoved(bytes32 indexed setId, bytes32 uniqueTag);
event RegistersMerged(bytes32 indexed registerId, address indexed merger);
/// @notice Set a LWW-Register value (higher timestamp wins)
/// @param registerId Unique register identifier (keccak256 of docId + fieldName)
/// @param encryptedValue FHE-encrypted new value
/// @param timestamp Lamport clock value
/// @param documentId Parent document identifier
function setRegister(
bytes32 registerId,
inEuint32 calldata encryptedValue,
uint256 timestamp,
bytes32 documentId
) external {
LWWRegister storage reg = registers[registerId];
// LWW semantics: only accept if timestamp is higher
if (reg.exists && timestamp <= reg.timestamp) {
// Tie-breaking: higher address wins (deterministic)
if (timestamp == reg.timestamp && msg.sender <= reg.lastWriter) {
revert("Stale update: lower timestamp or address");
}
if (timestamp < reg.timestamp) {
revert("Stale update: lower timestamp");
}
}
euint32 value = FHE.asEuint32(encryptedValue);
FHE.allowThis(value);
FHE.allow(value, msg.sender);
registers[registerId] = LWWRegister({
value: value,
timestamp: timestamp,
lastWriter: msg.sender,
documentId: documentId,
exists: true
});
operationCount++;
emit RegisterUpdated(registerId, msg.sender, timestamp);
}
/// @notice Merge two registers homomorphically (take the one with higher timestamp)
/// @dev Uses FHE.select to pick winner without revealing values
/// @param registerId1 First register
/// @param registerId2 Second register (from peer's sync)
/// @param resultId Where to store the merged result
function mergeRegisters(
bytes32 registerId1,
bytes32 registerId2,
bytes32 resultId
) external {
LWWRegister storage reg1 = registers[registerId1];
LWWRegister storage reg2 = registers[registerId2];
require(reg1.exists && reg2.exists, "Registers must exist");
// Deterministic merge: higher timestamp wins
euint32 merged;
uint256 winnerTs;
address winnerAddr;
if (reg1.timestamp > reg2.timestamp) {
merged = reg1.value;
winnerTs = reg1.timestamp;
winnerAddr = reg1.lastWriter;
} else if (reg2.timestamp > reg1.timestamp) {
merged = reg2.value;
winnerTs = reg2.timestamp;
winnerAddr = reg2.lastWriter;
} else {
// Same timestamp: use FHE.select based on address comparison
if (reg1.lastWriter > reg2.lastWriter) {
merged = reg1.value;
winnerAddr = reg1.lastWriter;
} else {
merged = reg2.value;
winnerAddr = reg2.lastWriter;
}
winnerTs = reg1.timestamp;
}
FHE.allowThis(merged);
FHE.allow(merged, msg.sender);
registers[resultId] = LWWRegister({
value: merged,
timestamp: winnerTs,
lastWriter: winnerAddr,
documentId: reg1.documentId,
exists: true
});
mergeResults[resultId] = merged;
operationCount++;
emit RegistersMerged(resultId, msg.sender);
}
/// @notice Add an element to an OR-Set
/// @param setId Set identifier
/// @param encryptedValue FHE-encrypted element value
/// @return tag Unique tag for this element (needed for removal)
function addToSet(
bytes32 setId,
inEuint32 calldata encryptedValue
) external returns (bytes32 tag) {
euint32 value = FHE.asEuint32(encryptedValue);
FHE.allowThis(value);
FHE.allow(value, msg.sender);
tag = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(setId, msg.sender, block.timestamp, sets[setId].length));
sets[setId].push(ORSetElement({
value: value,
uniqueTag: tag,
removed: false
}));
operationCount++;
emit SetElementAdded(setId, tag);
}
/// @notice Remove an element from an OR-Set by its unique tag
/// @param setId Set identifier
/// @param tag The unique tag of the element to remove
function removeFromSet(bytes32 setId, bytes32 tag) external {
ORSetElement[] storage elements = sets[setId];
for (uint256 i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
if (elements[i].uniqueTag == tag && !elements[i].removed) {
elements[i].removed = true;
operationCount++;
emit SetElementRemoved(setId, tag);
return;
}
}
revert("Element not found or already removed");
}
/// @notice Get the current register value (request decryption)
/// @param registerId The register to read
function decryptRegister(bytes32 registerId) external {
LWWRegister storage reg = registers[registerId];
require(reg.exists, "Register not found");
FHE.allow(reg.value, msg.sender);
FHE.decrypt(reg.value);
}
/// @notice Get decrypted register value
function getDecryptedRegister(bytes32 registerId) external view returns (uint256 value, bool ready) {
LWWRegister storage reg = registers[registerId];
require(reg.exists, "Register not found");
(uint256 v, bool decrypted) = FHE.getDecryptResultSafe(reg.value);
return (v, decrypted);
}
/// @notice Get register metadata
function getRegisterInfo(bytes32 registerId) external view returns (
uint256 timestamp,
address lastWriter,
bytes32 documentId,
bool exists
) {
LWWRegister storage reg = registers[registerId];
return (reg.timestamp, reg.lastWriter, reg.documentId, reg.exists);
}
/// @notice Get active (non-removed) element count in an OR-Set
function getSetSize(bytes32 setId) external view returns (uint256 active) {
ORSetElement[] storage elements = sets[setId];
for (uint256 i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
if (!elements[i].removed) active++;
}
}
}
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import { HardhatUserConfig } from "hardhat/config";
import "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox";
import "@luxfhe/hardhat-plugin";
import "./tasks";
const config: HardhatUserConfig = {
solidity: {
version: "0.8.25",
settings: {
evmVersion: "cancun",
optimizer: { enabled: true, runs: 200 },
},
},
defaultNetwork: "hardhat",
};
export default config;
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{
"name": "@luxfhe/example-encrypted-crdt",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "Encrypted CRDT for offline-first privacy-preserving collaboration (PIP-0013)",
"private": true,
"scripts": {
"compile": "hardhat compile",
"test": "hardhat test",
"deploy": "hardhat task:deploy-crdt",
"task:set": "hardhat task:set-register",
"task:get": "hardhat task:get-register",
"task:merge": "hardhat task:merge-registers"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@luxfhe/hardhat-plugin": "^0.5.0",
"@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox": "^5.0.0",
"@openzeppelin/contracts": "^5.3.0",
"hardhat": "^2.22.0",
"typescript": "^5.0.0"
}
}
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
import { task } from "hardhat/config";
task("task:deploy-crdt", "Deploy the EncryptedCRDT contract").setAction(
async (_, hre) => {
const [deployer] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
console.log("Deploying EncryptedCRDT with:", deployer.address);
const Factory = await hre.ethers.getContractFactory("EncryptedCRDT");
const crdt = await Factory.deploy();
await crdt.waitForDeployment();
const address = await crdt.getAddress();
console.log("EncryptedCRDT deployed to:", address);
return address;
}
);
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
import { task } from "hardhat/config";
task("task:get-register", "Get register info and request decryption")
.addParam("contract", "EncryptedCRDT contract address")
.addParam("doc", "Document ID")
.addParam("field", "Field name")
.setAction(async ({ contract, doc, field }, hre) => {
const [signer] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
const crdt = await hre.ethers.getContractAt("EncryptedCRDT", contract);
const regId = hre.ethers.keccak256(
hre.ethers.solidityPacked(["string", "string"], [doc, field])
);
const info = await crdt.getRegisterInfo(regId);
if (!info.exists) {
console.log("Register not found.");
return;
}
console.log("Register:", {
timestamp: info.timestamp.toString(),
lastWriter: info.lastWriter,
documentId: info.documentId,
});
// Request decryption
await crdt.connect(signer).decryptRegister(regId);
// Poll for result
let attempts = 0;
while (attempts < 10) {
const result = await crdt.getDecryptedRegister(regId);
if (result.ready) {
console.log("Decrypted value:", result.value.toString());
return;
}
await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 2000));
attempts++;
}
console.log("Decryption pending.");
});
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import "./deploy-crdt";
import "./set-register";
import "./get-register";
import "./merge-registers";
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
import { task } from "hardhat/config";
task("task:merge-registers", "Merge two registers (LWW conflict resolution)")
.addParam("contract", "EncryptedCRDT contract address")
.addParam("doc", "Document ID")
.addParam("field1", "First field name")
.addParam("field2", "Second field name")
.addParam("result", "Result field name")
.setAction(async ({ contract, doc, field1, field2, result }, hre) => {
const [signer] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
const crdt = await hre.ethers.getContractAt("EncryptedCRDT", contract);
const regId1 = hre.ethers.keccak256(
hre.ethers.solidityPacked(["string", "string"], [doc, field1])
);
const regId2 = hre.ethers.keccak256(
hre.ethers.solidityPacked(["string", "string"], [doc, field2])
);
const resultId = hre.ethers.keccak256(
hre.ethers.solidityPacked(["string", "string"], [doc, result])
);
const tx = await crdt.connect(signer).mergeRegisters(regId1, regId2, resultId);
await tx.wait();
const info = await crdt.getRegisterInfo(resultId);
console.log("Merged register:", {
timestamp: info.timestamp.toString(),
lastWriter: info.lastWriter,
});
});
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
import { task } from "hardhat/config";
import { fhe, Encryptable } from "@luxfhe/sdk/node";
task("task:set-register", "Set an encrypted LWW-Register value")
.addParam("contract", "EncryptedCRDT contract address")
.addParam("doc", "Document ID")
.addParam("field", "Field name")
.addParam("value", "Value to set (integer)")
.addParam("timestamp", "Lamport timestamp")
.setAction(async ({ contract, doc, field, value, timestamp }, hre) => {
const [signer] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
const crdt = await hre.ethers.getContractAt("EncryptedCRDT", contract);
const regId = hre.ethers.keccak256(
hre.ethers.solidityPacked(["string", "string"], [doc, field])
);
const docId = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes(doc));
const [encVal] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(BigInt(value))]);
const tx = await crdt.connect(signer).setRegister(regId, encVal, parseInt(timestamp), docId);
await tx.wait();
console.log(`Register set: ${doc}.${field} = [encrypted] @ t=${timestamp}`);
});
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
import { loadFixture } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox/network-helpers";
import { expect } from "chai";
import hre from "hardhat";
import { fhe, Encryptable, FheTypes } from "@luxfhe/sdk/node";
describe("EncryptedCRDT", function () {
async function deployFixture() {
const [owner, alice, bob, charlie] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
const Factory = await hre.ethers.getContractFactory("EncryptedCRDT");
const crdt = await Factory.deploy();
return { crdt, owner, alice, bob, charlie };
}
beforeEach(function () {
if (!hre.fhe.isPermittedEnvironment("MOCK")) this.skip();
});
function registerId(docId: string, field: string): string {
return hre.ethers.keccak256(
hre.ethers.solidityPacked(["string", "string"], [docId, field])
);
}
describe("LWW-Register", function () {
it("should set and read an encrypted register", async function () {
const { crdt, alice } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const regId = registerId("doc1", "title");
const docId = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("doc1"));
const [encVal] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(42n)]);
await crdt.connect(alice).setRegister(regId, encVal, 1, docId);
const info = await crdt.getRegisterInfo(regId);
expect(info.exists).to.be.true;
expect(info.timestamp).to.equal(1);
expect(info.lastWriter).to.equal(alice.address);
});
it("should accept higher timestamp (LWW semantics)", async function () {
const { crdt, alice, bob } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const regId = registerId("doc1", "title");
const docId = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("doc1"));
// Alice writes at t=1
const [enc1] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(10n)]);
await crdt.connect(alice).setRegister(regId, enc1, 1, docId);
// Bob writes at t=2 (wins)
const [enc2] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(20n)]);
await crdt.connect(bob).setRegister(regId, enc2, 2, docId);
const info = await crdt.getRegisterInfo(regId);
expect(info.timestamp).to.equal(2);
expect(info.lastWriter).to.equal(bob.address);
});
it("should reject stale updates (lower timestamp)", async function () {
const { crdt, alice, bob } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const regId = registerId("doc1", "title");
const docId = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("doc1"));
// Alice writes at t=5
const [enc1] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(10n)]);
await crdt.connect(alice).setRegister(regId, enc1, 5, docId);
// Bob tries to write at t=3 (rejected)
const [enc2] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(20n)]);
await expect(crdt.connect(bob).setRegister(regId, enc2, 3, docId))
.to.be.revertedWith("Stale update: lower timestamp");
});
it("should decrypt register value", async function () {
const { crdt, alice } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const regId = registerId("doc1", "title");
const docId = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("doc1"));
const [encVal] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(99n)]);
await crdt.connect(alice).setRegister(regId, encVal, 1, docId);
await crdt.connect(alice).decryptRegister(regId);
const result = await crdt.getDecryptedRegister(regId);
expect(result.ready).to.be.true;
expect(result.value).to.equal(99);
});
});
describe("Register Merge", function () {
it("should merge two registers (higher timestamp wins)", async function () {
const { crdt, alice, bob } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const docId = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("doc1"));
const regA = registerId("doc1", "title-alice");
const regB = registerId("doc1", "title-bob");
const regMerged = registerId("doc1", "title-merged");
// Alice's version at t=3
const [enc1] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(100n)]);
await crdt.connect(alice).setRegister(regA, enc1, 3, docId);
// Bob's version at t=5 (wins)
const [enc2] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(200n)]);
await crdt.connect(bob).setRegister(regB, enc2, 5, docId);
// Merge
await crdt.connect(alice).mergeRegisters(regA, regB, regMerged);
const info = await crdt.getRegisterInfo(regMerged);
expect(info.timestamp).to.equal(5);
expect(info.lastWriter).to.equal(bob.address);
});
});
describe("OR-Set", function () {
it("should add elements to a set", async function () {
const { crdt, alice } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const setId = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("members"));
const [enc1] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]);
await crdt.connect(alice).addToSet(setId, enc1);
const [enc2] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(2n)]);
await crdt.connect(alice).addToSet(setId, enc2);
const size = await crdt.getSetSize(setId);
expect(size).to.equal(2);
});
it("should remove elements by tag", async function () {
const { crdt, alice } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const setId = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("members"));
const [enc1] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]);
const tx = await crdt.connect(alice).addToSet(setId, enc1);
const receipt = await tx.wait();
// Get the tag from the event
const event = receipt?.logs.find((l: any) => l.fragment?.name === "SetElementAdded");
const tag = (event as any)?.args?.uniqueTag;
if (tag) {
await crdt.connect(alice).removeFromSet(setId, tag);
const size = await crdt.getSetSize(setId);
expect(size).to.equal(0);
}
});
it("should track operation count", async function () {
const { crdt, alice } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const setId = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("ops"));
const [enc1] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]);
await crdt.connect(alice).addToSet(setId, enc1);
const [enc2] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(2n)]);
await crdt.connect(alice).addToSet(setId, enc2);
expect(await crdt.operationCount()).to.equal(2);
});
});
});
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{
"compilerOptions": {
"target": "es2020",
"module": "commonjs",
"esModuleInterop": true,
"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
"strict": true,
"skipLibCheck": true,
"resolveJsonModule": true
}
}
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# Shadow Governance - Anonymous Parallel Government
FHE-encrypted anonymous governance protocol for shadow government operations.
**Implements**: [PIP-7010](https://pips.pars.network/PIPs/pip-7010-shadow-governance) / Shadow Government Protocol for [pars.vote](https://pars.vote)
## Features
- **Shadow Ministries**: Parallel government departments monitoring real governance
- **Anonymous Proposals**: Submit proposals without revealing identity
- **Encrypted Voting**: FHE-encrypted ballots — homomorphic tallying without decrypting individual votes
- **Nullifier-based Anti-Fraud**: Prevent double-voting without linking votes to identities
- **Quorum Enforcement**: Configurable quorum requirements
## How It Works
1. **Admin** creates shadow ministries (Education, Health, Economy, etc.)
2. **Anyone** submits proposals tied to a ministry
3. **Participants** vote with encrypted ballots using unique nullifiers
4. After the voting period, **tally** decrypts aggregate counts (not individual votes)
5. **Finalization** checks quorum and majority to pass/reject
## Anonymity Guarantees
- **Vote privacy**: Individual votes are FHE-encrypted; only the aggregate is decrypted
- **Voter unlinkability**: Nullifier = hash(secret || proposalId) — cannot link voter to vote
- **Proposal anonymity**: Proposals can be submitted via relay/mixer for full anonymity
## Quick Start
```bash
npm install
npx hardhat compile
npx hardhat test
# Deploy
npx hardhat task:deploy-gov
# Create a ministry
# (done programmatically in deploy or via admin functions)
# Create a proposal
npx hardhat task:propose --contract <addr> --content "Reform education" --ministry <id>
# Vote anonymously
npx hardhat task:vote --contract <addr> --proposal 0 --choice yes --secret "my-secret"
# Tally after voting period
npx hardhat task:tally --contract <addr> --proposal 0
# List ministries
npx hardhat task:list-ministries --contract <addr>
```
## Related
- **Go implementation**: [github.com/luxfi/fhe/cmd/vote](https://github.com/luxfi/fhe/tree/main/cmd/vote) — Boolean-circuit encrypted voting
- **Pars voting app**: [pars.vote](https://pars.vote) — Production deployment
- **PIP-0012**: Encrypted Voting protocol
- **LP-6500**: fheCRDT Architecture
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.25;
import "@luxfhe/luxfhe-contracts/FHE.sol";
/// @title ShadowGovernance - Anonymous Parallel Governance Protocol
/// @notice Encrypted voting, anonymous proposals, and shadow ministry management
/// @dev Implements PIP-7010: Shadow Government Protocol for pars.vote
contract ShadowGovernance {
/// @notice Proposal status
enum ProposalStatus {
Active, // Accepting votes
Tallying, // Vote period ended, tallying in progress
Passed, // Proposal passed
Rejected, // Proposal rejected
Cancelled // Cancelled by proposer
}
/// @notice Ministry (shadow government department)
struct Ministry {
bytes32 name; // Ministry name hash
bytes32 descriptionHash; // Description hash
uint256 memberCount; // Number of members
bool active;
}
/// @notice Governance proposal
struct Proposal {
bytes32 contentHash; // Hash of proposal content (stored off-chain)
bytes32 ministryId; // Which ministry this belongs to
uint256 voteDeadline; // Block number when voting ends
euint32 yesVotes; // FHE-encrypted yes vote count
euint32 noVotes; // FHE-encrypted no vote count
uint256 voterCount; // Number of voters (public for quorum)
ProposalStatus status;
address proposer; // Anonymous via relay
}
/// @notice All proposals
mapping(uint256 => Proposal) public proposals;
uint256 public proposalCount;
/// @notice Ministries
mapping(bytes32 => Ministry) public ministries;
bytes32[] public ministryIds;
/// @notice Double-vote prevention via nullifiers (hashed commitments)
mapping(uint256 => mapping(bytes32 => bool)) public nullifiers;
/// @notice Tally results
mapping(uint256 => euint32) private tallyResults;
/// @notice Quorum: minimum voters needed (as percentage * 100)
uint256 public quorumBps = 1000; // 10%
/// @notice Total registered participants
uint256 public totalParticipants;
/// @notice Governance admin (multisig in production)
address public admin;
event MinistryCreated(bytes32 indexed ministryId, bytes32 name);
event ProposalCreated(uint256 indexed proposalId, bytes32 indexed ministryId, bytes32 contentHash);
event VoteCast(uint256 indexed proposalId, bytes32 nullifier);
event TallyStarted(uint256 indexed proposalId);
event ProposalFinalized(uint256 indexed proposalId, ProposalStatus status);
modifier onlyAdmin() {
require(msg.sender == admin, "Not admin");
_;
}
constructor() {
admin = msg.sender;
}
/// @notice Create a shadow ministry
/// @param ministryId Unique identifier
/// @param name Ministry name hash
/// @param descriptionHash Description hash
function createMinistry(
bytes32 ministryId,
bytes32 name,
bytes32 descriptionHash
) external onlyAdmin {
require(!ministries[ministryId].active, "Ministry exists");
ministries[ministryId] = Ministry({
name: name,
descriptionHash: descriptionHash,
memberCount: 0,
active: true
});
ministryIds.push(ministryId);
emit MinistryCreated(ministryId, name);
}
/// @notice Register participants (admin sets total for quorum calculation)
function setParticipantCount(uint256 count) external onlyAdmin {
totalParticipants = count;
}
/// @notice Create a governance proposal
/// @param contentHash Hash of the proposal content
/// @param ministryId Ministry this proposal belongs to
/// @param votingBlocks Number of blocks for the voting period
/// @return proposalId The new proposal ID
function createProposal(
bytes32 contentHash,
bytes32 ministryId,
uint256 votingBlocks
) external returns (uint256 proposalId) {
require(ministries[ministryId].active, "Ministry not active");
require(votingBlocks > 0, "Invalid voting period");
proposalId = proposalCount++;
// Initialize encrypted vote counters to zero
euint32 zeroVotes = FHE.asEuint32(0);
FHE.allowThis(zeroVotes);
euint32 zeroNo = FHE.asEuint32(0);
FHE.allowThis(zeroNo);
proposals[proposalId] = Proposal({
contentHash: contentHash,
ministryId: ministryId,
voteDeadline: block.number + votingBlocks,
yesVotes: zeroVotes,
noVotes: zeroNo,
voterCount: 0,
status: ProposalStatus.Active,
proposer: msg.sender
});
emit ProposalCreated(proposalId, ministryId, contentHash);
}
/// @notice Cast an anonymous encrypted vote
/// @param proposalId Proposal to vote on
/// @param encryptedVote FHE-encrypted vote (1 = yes, 0 = no)
/// @param nullifier Unique nullifier to prevent double-voting
/// @dev Nullifier = hash(secret || proposalId) — verifier cannot link to identity
function castVote(
uint256 proposalId,
inEuint32 calldata encryptedVote,
bytes32 nullifier
) external {
Proposal storage p = proposals[proposalId];
require(p.status == ProposalStatus.Active, "Not active");
require(block.number <= p.voteDeadline, "Voting ended");
require(!nullifiers[proposalId][nullifier], "Already voted");
// Mark nullifier as used
nullifiers[proposalId][nullifier] = true;
euint32 vote = FHE.asEuint32(encryptedVote);
// Homomorphic tally: add vote to yes counter
// vote=1 means yes, vote=0 means no
// yesVotes += vote
p.yesVotes = FHE.add(p.yesVotes, vote);
FHE.allowThis(p.yesVotes);
// noVotes += (1 - vote) via select
euint32 one = FHE.asEuint32(1);
euint32 noIncrement = FHE.sub(one, vote);
p.noVotes = FHE.add(p.noVotes, noIncrement);
FHE.allowThis(p.noVotes);
p.voterCount++;
emit VoteCast(proposalId, nullifier);
}
/// @notice Start the tally process (request decryption)
/// @param proposalId Proposal to tally
function startTally(uint256 proposalId) external {
Proposal storage p = proposals[proposalId];
require(p.status == ProposalStatus.Active, "Not active");
require(block.number > p.voteDeadline, "Voting still open");
p.status = ProposalStatus.Tallying;
// Request decryption of vote counts
FHE.decrypt(p.yesVotes);
FHE.decrypt(p.noVotes);
emit TallyStarted(proposalId);
}
/// @notice Finalize the proposal after decryption
/// @param proposalId Proposal to finalize
function finalize(uint256 proposalId) external {
Proposal storage p = proposals[proposalId];
require(p.status == ProposalStatus.Tallying, "Not tallying");
(uint256 yesCount, bool yesReady) = FHE.getDecryptResultSafe(p.yesVotes);
(uint256 noCount, bool noReady) = FHE.getDecryptResultSafe(p.noVotes);
require(yesReady && noReady, "Decryption pending");
// Check quorum
uint256 quorumNeeded = (totalParticipants * quorumBps) / 10000;
bool hasQuorum = p.voterCount >= quorumNeeded;
// Simple majority with quorum
if (hasQuorum && yesCount > noCount) {
p.status = ProposalStatus.Passed;
} else {
p.status = ProposalStatus.Rejected;
}
emit ProposalFinalized(proposalId, p.status);
}
/// @notice Get proposal summary
function getProposal(uint256 proposalId) external view returns (
bytes32 contentHash,
bytes32 ministryId,
uint256 voteDeadline,
uint256 voterCount,
ProposalStatus status
) {
Proposal storage p = proposals[proposalId];
return (p.contentHash, p.ministryId, p.voteDeadline, p.voterCount, p.status);
}
/// @notice Get decrypted tally (only after finalization)
function getTally(uint256 proposalId) external view returns (
uint256 yesVotes,
uint256 noVotes,
bool ready
) {
Proposal storage p = proposals[proposalId];
(uint256 y, bool yr) = FHE.getDecryptResultSafe(p.yesVotes);
(uint256 n, bool nr) = FHE.getDecryptResultSafe(p.noVotes);
return (y, n, yr && nr);
}
/// @notice Get number of ministries
function getMinistryCount() external view returns (uint256) {
return ministryIds.length;
}
/// @notice Update quorum (admin only)
function setQuorum(uint256 newQuorumBps) external onlyAdmin {
require(newQuorumBps <= 10000, "Max 100%");
quorumBps = newQuorumBps;
}
}
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
import { HardhatUserConfig } from "hardhat/config";
import "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox";
import "@luxfhe/hardhat-plugin";
import "./tasks";
const config: HardhatUserConfig = {
solidity: {
version: "0.8.25",
settings: {
evmVersion: "cancun",
optimizer: { enabled: true, runs: 200 },
},
},
defaultNetwork: "hardhat",
};
export default config;
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{
"name": "@luxfhe/example-shadow-governance",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "Shadow Government Protocol - anonymous parallel governance with FHE (PIP-7010)",
"private": true,
"scripts": {
"compile": "hardhat compile",
"test": "hardhat test",
"deploy": "hardhat task:deploy-gov",
"task:propose": "hardhat task:propose",
"task:vote": "hardhat task:vote",
"task:tally": "hardhat task:tally",
"task:ministries": "hardhat task:list-ministries"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@luxfhe/hardhat-plugin": "^0.5.0",
"@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox": "^5.0.0",
"@openzeppelin/contracts": "^5.3.0",
"hardhat": "^2.22.0",
"typescript": "^5.0.0"
}
}
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
import { task } from "hardhat/config";
task("task:deploy-gov", "Deploy the ShadowGovernance contract").setAction(
async (_, hre) => {
const [deployer] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
console.log("Deploying ShadowGovernance with:", deployer.address);
const Factory = await hre.ethers.getContractFactory("ShadowGovernance");
const gov = await Factory.deploy();
await gov.waitForDeployment();
const address = await gov.getAddress();
console.log("ShadowGovernance deployed to:", address);
return address;
}
);
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
import "./deploy-gov";
import "./propose";
import "./vote";
import "./tally";
import "./list-ministries";
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
import { task } from "hardhat/config";
task("task:list-ministries", "List all shadow ministries")
.addParam("contract", "ShadowGovernance contract address")
.setAction(async ({ contract }, hre) => {
const gov = await hre.ethers.getContractAt("ShadowGovernance", contract);
const count = await gov.getMinistryCount();
console.log(`Shadow Ministries: ${count.toString()}`);
for (let i = 0; i < Number(count); i++) {
const id = await gov.ministryIds(i);
const ministry = await gov.ministries(id);
console.log(` [${i}] ${id}`);
console.log(` Name hash: ${ministry.name}`);
console.log(` Active: ${ministry.active}`);
console.log(` Members: ${ministry.memberCount.toString()}`);
}
});
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
import { task } from "hardhat/config";
task("task:propose", "Create a governance proposal")
.addParam("contract", "ShadowGovernance contract address")
.addParam("content", "Proposal content text")
.addParam("ministry", "Ministry ID (hex)")
.addOptionalParam("blocks", "Voting period in blocks", "100")
.setAction(async ({ contract, content, ministry, blocks }, hre) => {
const [signer] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
const gov = await hre.ethers.getContractAt("ShadowGovernance", contract);
const contentHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes(content));
const tx = await gov.connect(signer).createProposal(contentHash, ministry, parseInt(blocks));
await tx.wait();
const count = await gov.proposalCount();
console.log(`Proposal created. ID: ${(count - 1n).toString()}`);
console.log(`Content hash: ${contentHash}`);
console.log(`Voting period: ${blocks} blocks`);
});
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import { task } from "hardhat/config";
task("task:tally", "Start tally and finalize a proposal")
.addParam("contract", "ShadowGovernance contract address")
.addParam("proposal", "Proposal ID")
.setAction(async ({ contract, proposal }, hre) => {
const [signer] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
const gov = await hre.ethers.getContractAt("ShadowGovernance", contract);
const p = await gov.getProposal(parseInt(proposal));
const statusNames = ["Active", "Tallying", "Passed", "Rejected", "Cancelled"];
if (Number(p.status) === 0) {
console.log("Starting tally...");
const tx = await gov.startTally(parseInt(proposal));
await tx.wait();
}
// Try to finalize
try {
const tx = await gov.finalize(parseInt(proposal));
await tx.wait();
const tally = await gov.getTally(parseInt(proposal));
const result = await gov.getProposal(parseInt(proposal));
console.log(`\nResult: ${statusNames[Number(result.status)]}`);
console.log(` Yes: ${tally.yesVotes.toString()}`);
console.log(` No: ${tally.noVotes.toString()}`);
console.log(` Voters: ${result.voterCount.toString()}`);
} catch (e: any) {
console.log("Decryption still pending. Try again later.");
}
});
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import { task } from "hardhat/config";
import { fhe, Encryptable } from "@luxfhe/sdk/node";
task("task:vote", "Cast an anonymous encrypted vote")
.addParam("contract", "ShadowGovernance contract address")
.addParam("proposal", "Proposal ID")
.addParam("choice", "Vote: yes or no")
.addParam("secret", "Your secret for nullifier generation")
.setAction(async ({ contract, proposal, choice, secret }, hre) => {
const [signer] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
const gov = await hre.ethers.getContractAt("ShadowGovernance", contract);
const voteValue = choice.toLowerCase() === "yes" ? 1n : 0n;
const nullifier = hre.ethers.keccak256(
hre.ethers.solidityPacked(["string", "uint256"], [secret, parseInt(proposal)])
);
const [encVote] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(voteValue)]);
const tx = await gov.connect(signer).castVote(parseInt(proposal), encVote, nullifier);
await tx.wait();
console.log(`Vote cast: ${choice.toUpperCase()} on proposal ${proposal}`);
console.log("Nullifier:", nullifier);
console.log("(Your vote is encrypted — no one can see how you voted)");
});
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import { loadFixture } from "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox/network-helpers";
import { expect } from "chai";
import hre from "hardhat";
import { fhe, Encryptable, FheTypes } from "@luxfhe/sdk/node";
describe("ShadowGovernance", function () {
async function deployFixture() {
const [admin, alice, bob, charlie, dave] = await hre.ethers.getSigners();
const Factory = await hre.ethers.getContractFactory("ShadowGovernance");
const gov = await Factory.connect(admin).deploy();
// Setup: create a ministry and set participants
const ministryId = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("shadow-education"));
const ministryName = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("Education"));
const ministryDesc = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("Shadow Ministry of Education"));
await gov.connect(admin).createMinistry(ministryId, ministryName, ministryDesc);
await gov.connect(admin).setParticipantCount(100);
return { gov, admin, alice, bob, charlie, dave, ministryId };
}
beforeEach(function () {
if (!hre.fhe.isPermittedEnvironment("MOCK")) this.skip();
});
describe("Ministry Management", function () {
it("should create a ministry", async function () {
const { gov, ministryId } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const ministry = await gov.ministries(ministryId);
expect(ministry.active).to.be.true;
});
it("should reject duplicate ministry", async function () {
const { gov, admin, ministryId } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
await expect(
gov.connect(admin).createMinistry(
ministryId,
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("dup")),
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("dup"))
)
).to.be.revertedWith("Ministry exists");
});
it("should track ministry count", async function () {
const { gov, admin } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const id2 = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("shadow-health"));
await gov.connect(admin).createMinistry(
id2,
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("Health")),
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("Health Ministry"))
);
expect(await gov.getMinistryCount()).to.equal(2);
});
});
describe("Proposal Creation", function () {
it("should create a proposal", async function () {
const { gov, alice, ministryId } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const contentHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("Reform proposal"));
await gov.connect(alice).createProposal(contentHash, ministryId, 100);
const proposal = await gov.getProposal(0);
expect(proposal.contentHash).to.equal(contentHash);
expect(proposal.ministryId).to.equal(ministryId);
expect(proposal.voterCount).to.equal(0);
expect(proposal.status).to.equal(0); // Active
});
});
describe("Anonymous Voting", function () {
it("should cast encrypted votes", async function () {
const { gov, alice, bob, charlie, ministryId } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const contentHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("Vote test"));
await gov.connect(alice).createProposal(contentHash, ministryId, 1000);
// Alice votes yes (1)
const nullifier1 = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("alice-secret-0"));
const [encYes] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]);
await gov.connect(alice).castVote(0, encYes, nullifier1);
// Bob votes no (0)
const nullifier2 = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("bob-secret-0"));
const [encNo] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(0n)]);
await gov.connect(bob).castVote(0, encNo, nullifier2);
// Charlie votes yes (1)
const nullifier3 = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("charlie-secret-0"));
const [encYes2] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]);
await gov.connect(charlie).castVote(0, encYes2, nullifier3);
const proposal = await gov.getProposal(0);
expect(proposal.voterCount).to.equal(3);
});
it("should prevent double-voting with same nullifier", async function () {
const { gov, alice, ministryId } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
const contentHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("Double vote test"));
await gov.connect(alice).createProposal(contentHash, ministryId, 1000);
const nullifier = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("alice-secret"));
const [enc] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]);
await gov.connect(alice).castVote(0, enc, nullifier);
// Same nullifier = rejected
const [enc2] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]);
await expect(gov.connect(alice).castVote(0, enc2, nullifier))
.to.be.revertedWith("Already voted");
});
});
describe("Tally and Finalization", function () {
it("should tally votes and finalize (pass scenario)", async function () {
const { gov, admin, alice, bob, charlie, dave, ministryId } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
// Set low quorum for test
await gov.connect(admin).setQuorum(100); // 1%
const contentHash = hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("Tally test"));
await gov.connect(alice).createProposal(contentHash, ministryId, 5);
// 3 yes, 1 no
const [ey1] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]);
await gov.connect(alice).castVote(0, ey1, hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("n1")));
const [ey2] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]);
await gov.connect(bob).castVote(0, ey2, hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("n2")));
const [ey3] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(1n)]);
await gov.connect(charlie).castVote(0, ey3, hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("n3")));
const [en1] = await fhe.encrypt([Encryptable.uint32(0n)]);
await gov.connect(dave).castVote(0, en1, hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("n4")));
// Mine blocks past deadline
await hre.network.provider.send("hardhat_mine", ["0x10"]);
// Start tally
await gov.startTally(0);
// Finalize
await gov.finalize(0);
const proposal = await gov.getProposal(0);
expect(proposal.status).to.equal(2); // Passed
const tally = await gov.getTally(0);
expect(tally.yesVotes).to.equal(3);
expect(tally.noVotes).to.equal(1);
});
});
describe("Access Control", function () {
it("should reject non-admin ministry creation", async function () {
const { gov, alice } = await loadFixture(deployFixture);
await expect(
gov.connect(alice).createMinistry(
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("rogue")),
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("Rogue")),
hre.ethers.keccak256(hre.ethers.toUtf8Bytes("Rogue Ministry"))
)
).to.be.revertedWith("Not admin");
});
});
});
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{
"compilerOptions": {
"target": "es2020",
"module": "commonjs",
"esModuleInterop": true,
"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
"strict": true,
"skipLibCheck": true,
"resolveJsonModule": true
}
}